What is the difference in X7R,X5R and COG,NPO of MLCC?

2024-03-01

Once talking about MLCC specification, we will see X7R, X5R, COG, NPO in the Part No. What do they stand for ? Let’s find out together.
 

First of all, they made in different materials.
 

1.Strontium Zirconate SrZrO3 doped modified, mainly used in the manufacturing of NP0 (C0G) class MLCC.

MLCCs made from this material exhibit stable electrical performance, almost unaffected by changes in temperature, voltage, frequency, and time:

Capacitance change rate from -55°C to 125°C is 0±30ppm/°C;

Capacitance change with frequency is less than ±0.3ΔC;

Capacitance drift or hysteresis is less than ±0.05%;

Relative capacitance change over service life is less than ±0.1%;

NP0 (C0G) class MLCCs are suitable for various circuits, including high-frequency circuits with stability requirements, commonly used in oscillator, resonator slot capacitors, and coupling capacitors in high-frequency circuits.

By optimizing the design, RF capacitors can be made with a frequency of up to 3GHz, with the American company ATC being the benchmark enterprise for RF-MLCCs.
 

2.Barium Titanate BaTiO3 doped modified, is the main material for manufacturing X7R and X5R class MLCC products.
 

As NP0 (C0G) class MLCCs cannot meet the circuit's requirement for larger capacitance, X7R and X5R class MLCCs based on barium titanate have been developed.

 In the same volume, they can achieve larger capacitance. X7R and X5R class MLCCs can have high capacitance, up to 100uF.

This material's stability is lower than NP0 (C0G) MLCCs. The capacitance of X7R and X5R class MLCCs changes with voltage, frequency, and time.

They exhibit DC bias characteristics, meaning the effective capacitance decreases when the capacitor is subjected to high DC voltage;

Capacitance change rate from -55°C to 125°C is +15%, with a nonlinear change curve;

Approximately 1%ΔC change every 10 years, representing about 5% change in 10 years;

X7R and X5R class MLCCs are widely used in non-high-frequency circuits and represent the largest portion of MLCC market share, accounting for over 60%.
 

Secondly, they are two types of ceramic capacitors: the high dielectric type and the temperature-compensating type.
They have different circuit application uses, so be sure to understand the differences in terms of characteristics before use.

The application differences between X7R/X5R and COG/NPO MLCC (Multi-Layer Ceramic Capacitors) primarily stem from their electrical characteristics and stability:

1.COG/NPO MLCC:

These capacitors are known for their high stability over temperature, voltage, frequency, and time.

They exhibit very low capacitance change with temperature, typically specified within ±30ppm/°C over a wide temperature range.

COG/NPO MLCCs are ideal for applications where stability and precision are critical, such as in high-frequency circuits, oscillators, resonators, and precision timing circuits.

Their primary application includes circuits where minimal capacitance change with varying conditions is necessary.

2.X7R/X5R MLCC:

X7R and X5R MLCCs are characterized by their higher capacitance values compared to COG/NPO types.

While they offer higher capacitance, their stability over temperature, voltage, and time is not as high as COG/NPO MLCCs.

X7R and X5R MLCCs are commonly used in applications where moderately stable capacitance values are acceptable but higher capacitance values are required. Examples include decoupling and filtering in power supplies, coupling in audio circuits, and general-purpose bypassing.

These MLCCs are also widely used in consumer electronics, automotive electronics, and industrial applications where cost-effectiveness and moderate stability are more critical than extreme precision.

In summary, COG/NPO MLCCs are preferred for applications demanding high stability and precision, whereas X7R/X5R MLCCs are suitable for applications requiring higher capacitance values at a lower cost, with a tolerance for moderate variations in capacitance over changing conditions.

Hongda Capacitors provide both X7R/X5R and COG/NPO MLCC in a wide range of Voltage,case size and capacitors. Our customers are in 100+ countries. We offer best price and fast Lead time. Welcome to send us RFQ to get best offer.